Eyewitness reports suggest that HMS Black Prince may also have suffered an explosion as she was lost during the night action with all hands — 857 men. The medieval castle was razed to the ground and sections of the defences were damaged. Two people were killed and hundreds injured. [72] The first explosion had the order of 800 kg TNT equivalence; the final explosion was in the range of 4,000–5,000 kg TNT. After the collision the ship caught fire, drifted into town, and exploded. An inquiry blamed faulty priming, possibly by untrained personnel. On May 4, 1988, Henderson, Nevada experienced an explosion that shook the city. [86] As it burned, several pressurized liquefied propane gas storage tanks exploded into fireballs. Additional explosions followed over the next few days as the depot burned, for a total of 29 explosions by 3 March. The 1898 US Navy investigation laid the blame on a mine, which led to public outrage in the United States and support for the Spanish–American War. [102] At least 200 people were killed, more than 6,500 injured, and about 300,000 made homeless. On 23 March 2005, there was a hydrocarbon leak due to incorrect operations during a start up which caused a vapour cloud explosion when ignited by a running vehicle engine. Just 20 minutes before the explosion he was sitting in a chair eating his lunch before my wife took him to St. Anne. The PEPCON plant and the nearby Kidd Marshmallow plant were totally destroyed by the detonations. Škoda Works in Bolevec, Plzeň, was the biggest ammunition plant in Austria-Hungary. 59 people lost their lives, and 185 others seriously wounded; altogether, over 1,300 people were injured or killed. The Arzamas explosion, known also as Arzamas train disaster, occurred on 4 June 1988, when three goods wagons transporting hexogen to Kazakhstan exploded on a railway crossing in Arzamas, Gorky Oblast, Soviet Union. [85], On 11 March 2011, the Tōhoku earthquake caused natural gas containers in the Cosmo Oil Refinery of Ichihara, Chiba Prefecture, Japan to catch fire, destroying storage tanks and injuring six. During the American Civil War at 4:44 a.m. on July 30, 1864 the Union Army of the Potomac besieging the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia at Petersburg, Virginia detonated a mine containing 320 kegs of gunpowder, totaling 8,000 pounds (3,600 kg) under the confederate entrenchments. On 24 May 1941, HMS Hood sank in three minutes after the stern magazine detonated during the Battle of the Denmark Strait. The cause of the explosion was accidental ignition by a drunk guard. A child ashore was killed by another fragment. A series of explosions on 25 May 1917 killed 300 workers. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The island had been fortified during the war with a submarine base and airfield. On the night of 10 June 1942, the German submarine U-68 torpedoed the 8,600-ton British freighter Surrey in the Caribbean Sea. On 28 March 1943, in the port of Naples, a fire broke out on Caterina Costa, an 8,060-ton motor ship with arms and supplies (1,000 tons of gas, 900 tons of explosives, tanks and others); the fire became uncontrollable, causing a devastating explosion. Photo by National Archives of Canada. They had a 14-mile no-build buffer. Copyright © 2017 F.E. Wreckage was thrown up to 20 miles (30 km), a collier ship one-half mile (800 m) away had its crane blown off and a crew member killed by a fragment weighing 70 pounds (30 kg). About 40 tonnes of gunpowder exploded on 12 October 1654, destroying much of the city of Delft in the Netherlands. By Mary Manning. The largest explosion was estimated to be equivalent to 0.25 kilotons of TNT (1.0 TJ). The facility, said to be one of the largest in the world at the time, was destroyed, along with more than 300 buildings forcing reconstruction of South Amboy and Sayreville. Several other nearby ships were also damaged or destroyed. Mont-Blanc carried 2,653 tonnes of various explosives, mostly picric acid. The fire is reported to have originated in or around a drying process structure in the PEPCON plant between 11:30 … Beneath the plant was a natural gas line. Following the PEPCON explosion, Kerr-McGee built a high berm around its facility to reduce the chances of an ammonium perchlorate explosion affecting surrounding areas. On 31 May 1916, three British Grand Fleet battlecruisers were destroyed by cordite deflagrations initiated by armour-piercing shells fired by the Imperial German Navy's High Seas Fleet. On 30 January 2007, a Sea Launch Zenit-3SL space rocket exploded on takeoff. [86], On 8–9 October 2012, a Russian ammunition depot, at the Donguz test site, containing 4,000 tons of shells exploded 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Orenburg in Central Russia. The British Geological Survey estimated the equivalent yield of the explosion as 29.5 tonnes TNT.[76]. It happened at a plant located near Gibson Road and American Pacific Drive. However, the siege continued. On 17 July 1944, in Port Chicago, California, SS E. A. Bryan exploded while loading ammunition bound for the Pacific, with an estimated 4,606 short tons (4,178 t) of high explosive (HE), incendiary bombs, depth charges, and other ammunition. Eleven buildings were destroyed ashore and nine more damaged. [12], On 6 November 1856 lightning struck 3,000 to 6,000 hundredweight (roughly 150-300 tonnes) of gunpowder stored by the Ottoman Empire in the bell tower of the Agios Ioannis church near the Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes in Rhodes, triggering a blast that destroyed large parts of the city and killed 4,000 people.[13][14]. I’ve heard many guestimates of the size of the recent explosion in the Chinese city of Tianjin. About half of Beijing, from Xuanwumen Gate in the South to today's West Chang'an Boulevard in the North, was affected. [1] There were 26 killed, 318 houses were destroyed completely, 200 buildings were seriously damaged, and 188 buildings were less seriously damaged.[79]. He ordered his units to the scene. Cosmo Oil. The more powerful explosion was estimated at 336 tons TNT equivalent. The cargo was detonated off Puget Sound at a depth of 4,000 feet (1,200 m). The explosion was heard up to 200 kilometres (120 mi) away. On 7 January 1983, an explosion of the Texaco oil tank farm was felt for 100–130 miles from Newark, New Jersey claiming 1 life and injuring 22–24 people. The shock wave lifted U-68 out of the water as if she had suffered a torpedo hit, and both diesel engines and the gyrocompass were disabled. The explosion affected structures in a 10-mile radius, accrued damages estimated at $100 million, injured approximately 372 people, and ended the lives of 2 plant employees. The ship had been loaded with 300 naval mines containing more than 150 tons of high explosive. The United States Geological Survey recorded the explosion as a 2.1-magnitude earthquake, the equivalent of 7.5 – 10 tons of TNT. PEPCON disaster. The 1986 Challenger disaster froze the space shuttle program, forcing the PEPCON plant to keep the ammonium perchlorate on site. This article investigates the effect of the May 1988 explosion of a chemical plant in Henderson, Nevada on residential property values (1) before the explosion (anticipation), (2) between the time of the explosion and an announcement of relocation, and (3) subsequent to an announcement in July 1988 that the plant would be rebuilt 100 miles away in Cedar City, Utah. Approximately, 4500 tons of the product was on-site during the explosion. On 1 June 1974, a pipe failure at the Nypro chemical plant in Flixborough, England, caused a large release of flammable cyclohexane vapour. The benefits of increased production were short-lived while the costs of managing acid mine drainage due to the sulfide ore body being exposed to oxygen continue to the present day. On 26 August 1810, in Almeida, Portugal, during the Peninsular War phase of the Napoleonic Wars, French Grande Armée forces commanded by Marshal André Masséna laid siege to the garrison; the garrison was commanded by British Brigadier General William Cox. At 5 pm, a huge explosion destroyed nearby buildings and created a huge wave that washed over the seafront. [83][84] Seismometers at the Mediterranean region recorded the explosion as a M3.0 seismic event. The explosions used most of the fuel; however, the fire found the natural gas line and developed into a fireball. There was such a large quantity of the oxidizer that the plant ran out of aluminum storage bins and began using plastic drums placed in the parking lot. It's been 10 years since the Henderson plant exploded, registering 3.5 on a Richter Scale 215 miles away in California and causing some $70 million damage in Southern Nevada. [59] Comparing explosions of initially unmixed fuels is difficult (being part detonation and part deflagration). All 296 men aboard the ship were killed. As the rear section capsized it also exploded. In this article, explosion means "the sudden conversion of potential energy (chemical or mechanical) into kinetic energy",[2] as defined by the US National Fire Protection Association, or the common dictionary meaning, "a violent and destructive shattering or blowing apart of something". Tags: chemical processing plant fire protection, chemical fire protection, fire sprinklers. Mr. Westerfield was never able to contact the fire department. On 14 January 2020, an ethylene oxide tank exploded at the IQOXE (Chemical Industries of Ethylene Oxide) plant in Tarragona (Spain). 581 died, over 5,000 injured. On December 28, 1944, while transporting ammunition to Mindoro, Philippines, the Liberty ship SS John Burke was hit by a Japanese kamikaze aircraft, and disintegrated in a tremendous explosion with the loss of all hands.[44]. 21 March 2011. Great damage was caused. 53 people died, and 400 to 500 were injured. The disaster was preceded by a large fire at the Port of Beirut, on the city's northern Mediterranean coast. Both the freighter and attacking submarine U-132 were destroyed by the explosion.[39]. 320 were killed instantly, another 390 wounded. [11], The 6 October 1854 great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead, UK, was occasioned by an explosion of a bond warehouse on the quayside, which rained masonry and flaming timbers across wide areas of both cities, and left a crater with a depth of 40 feet (12 m) and 50 feet (15 m) in diameter. [61] Fires burned for 16 days. ... structure in the PEPCON plant between 1130 and … The explosion caused a tsunami with broken ice. The PEPCON Explosion Background On May 4, 1988, a massive fire and a series of explosions, the largest exceeding the equivalent of 1.5 million pounds of TNT, destroyed a chemical plant in Henderson, Nevada, killed two people and caused more than $70 million in damages to the surrounding community. On 18 April 1947, British engineers attempted to destroy the abandoned German fortifications on the evacuated island of Heligoland in what became known as the "British Bang". Thursday, July 31, 1997 | 10:11 a.m. Nine years after a rocket fuel booster plant exploded near Henderson, the … Following early estimates of the yield of the explosion ranging from hundreds of tons of TNT equivalent[96][97][98][99][100] to 1.1 kilotons,[101] a study by researchers from the Blast and Impact Research Group at the University of Sheffield estimated the energy of the Beirut explosion to be equivalent to 0.5 - 1.2 kt of TNT. The load exploded, leaving a crater in the Braamfontein rail yard 60 metres (200 ft) long, 50 metres (160 ft) wide and 8 metres (26 ft) deep. On 27 April 1813, the magazine of Fort York in York, Ontario (now Toronto) was fired by retreating British troops during an American invasion. A crater 100 ft deep was left where the plant stood. Another cargo ship "Vyborg", carrying 193 tonnes of chemical substances including detonators and fuse cords, also detonated from the explosion. At 16:02 HMS Indefatigable was cut in two by deflagration of the forward magazine and sank immediately with all but two of her crew of 1,019. The PEPCON explosion occurred here on May 4, 1988. 160 people were killed, and 5,000 wounded. The greatest accidental explosion in Nevada history rocked the Las Vegas valley on May 4, 1988, leaving death and destruction in its wake.It's one of those days that … From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Magadan city buildings were damaged. After the incident, PEPCON changed their name to Western Electrochemical and rebuilt in Cedar City, UT. This list contains the largest known examples, sorted by date. It did not explode immediately, which gave time for some curious Spaniards to board it. Henderson is a city in Clark County, Nevada, United States, about 16 miles (26 km) southeast of downtown Las Vegas.It is the second largest city in Nevada, after Las Vegas, with an estimated population of 320,189 in 2019. They were not notified until the fire chief saw the explosion while driving. On 20 December 2016, a fireworks explosion occurred at the San Pablito Market in the city of Tultepec, north of Mexico City. On 30 July 1916, sabotage by German agents caused 1,000 short tons (910 t) of explosives bound for Europe, along with another 50 short tons (45 t) on Johnson Barge No. The 1986 Challenger disaster froze the space shuttle program, forcing the PEPCON plant to keep the ammonium perchlorate on site. On 16 April 1947, SS Grandcamp, loaded with ammonium nitrate, exploded in port at Texas City, Texas. On 3 November 2004, about 284 tonnes of fireworks exploded in Kolding, in Denmark. These yields are approximated by the amount of the explosive material and its properties. In four minutes. After a mostly successful evacuation, the 500 tonnes of ammunition in the bunker exploded and destroyed large parts of the town. Over a hundred people were killed and thousands were injured. Retrieved 7 August 2020. On 7 April 1945, after six hours of battle, Japanese battleship Yamato's magazine exploded as she sank, resulting in a mushroom cloud rising six kilometres (3.7 mi) above the wreck, and which could be seen from Kyushu, 160 kilometres (99 mi) away. Another explosion shattered the chief's windows and a second explosion sent debris into the car, damaging it and injuring him and his passenger. [52], On 23 September 1955 in the Mexican city of Gómez Palacio, Durango, two trucks loaded with 15 tons of dynamite exploded when they apparently collided with a passenger train, causing many deaths. It damaged about 30,000 buildings over about two-thirds of the city, for an estimated total cost of about €2 billion. Approximately 3–4 minutes after the initial blast, there was a second explosion from 12 oil cars. On the morning of 1 July 1916, a series of 19 mines of varying sizes was blown to start the Battle of the Somme. May 4, 2016 - A fire started inside a building at Pacific Engineering and Production Corporation of Nevada's (PEPCON) plant on May 4, 1988. The blast was felt as far as 35 kilometres (22 mi) away in Ghent, where windows vibrated. On 4 April 1585, during the Spanish siege of Antwerp, a fortified bridge named "Puente Farnesio"[a] had been built by the Spanish on the River Scheldt. The entire rocket contained about 680,000 kg (680 t) of kerosene and 1,780,000 kg (1,780 t) of liquid oxygen. 300 Turkish soldiers were killed in the explosion. The explosion was reportedly heard up to 500 miles away. Comparing Beirut explosion with Halifax, Hiroshima blasts. Aftermath of the Halifax Explosion, Dec. 6, 1917. On 2 July 1918, a munitions factory near Syracuse, New York, exploded after a mixing motor in the main TNT building overheated. But residents who. On 17 July 1932, a train carrying 320 to 330 tons of dynamite from the De Beers factory at Somerset West to the Witwatersrand exploded and flattened the small town of Leeudoringstad in South Africa. May 4, 1988 a factory producing ammonium perchlorate ignited. The disaster is known to have killed 42 people; five more were missing and presumed dead. The Messines mines detonation killed more people than any other non-nuclear man-made explosion in history. [23], On 9 March 1911, the village of Pleasant Prairie and neighboring town of Bristol, 4 miles away, were leveled by the explosion of five magazines holding 300 tons of dynamite, 105,000 kegs of black blasting powder, and five railroad cars filled with dynamite housed at a 190-acre DuPont blasting powder plant. "Natural gas storage tanks burn at Cosmo oil refinery in Ichihara city". The explosion of 200 tons of TNT destroyed a large portion of the city. On 19 December 1947, the Liberty class cargo ship "General Vatutin" exploded in the Soviet port of Magadan at Nagayeva Bay on the Russian Far East. On May 4, 1988 at the Pacific Engineering and Production Company of Nevada (PEPCON), a large fire of ammonium perchlorate (AP) quickly ensued. She then exploded, leveling large areas of the port. PEPCON disaster; The largest of the several explosions at the PEPCON plant. Following the disaster, foreign media were kept in a bunker for five hours while, some alleged, the Chinese People's Liberation Army attempted to "clean up" the damage. During the trip to school the Pepcon blast occurred. It narrowly missed killing the Parliamentarian commander, Sir Thomas Fairfax. Used in military weapons and the Space Shuttle, the amounts in storage grew as the United States suspended the Space Shuttle missions after the 1986 Challenger explosion. 590 people were killed, and between 500 and 2,000 were injured. On 4 August 2020, a warehouse containing 2,750 tonnes (3,030 short tons) of ammonium nitrate exploded following a fire in the Port of Beirut, Lebanon. Within a ten-mile radius, windows were shattered and doors were blown off their hinges. The explosion was caused by bombs being taken out of store, primed for use, and replaced with the detonators still installed when unused. 217 people were killed and 200 more severely burned. Halifax Harbour Explosion (1917) Kilotons: 2.9 … Over eight million pounds of the product were consumed in the fire and explosions. 3,055 crewmen were killed. Some ships nearby caught fire and sank, and hot parts of the ship and tanks were thrown great distances. She exploded on 7 March 1913, killing over 30, injuring about 60, and destroying a tugboat and two barges. The subsequent series of explosions continued for three days. “The … 2016 HD The PEPCON disaster was an industrial disaster that occurred in Henderson, Nevada on May 4, 1988 at the Pacific Engineering and Production Company of On 12 January 1807, a ship carrying hundreds of barrels of black powder exploded in the town of Leiden in the Kingdom of Holland. During World War II, German invading forces in Serbia used Smederevo Fortress for ammunition storage. The blast created a mushroom cloud 600 to 800 feet (180 to 240 m) tall and was heard as far as fifteen miles (24 km) away.[63]. On 16 February 1646, 80 barrels (5.72 tons) of gunpowder were accidentally ignited by a stray spark during the Battle of Torrington in the English Civil War, destroying the church in which the magazine was located and killing several Royalist guards and a large number of Parliamentarian prisoners who were being held there. At least 575 people died and more than 800 were injured. The disaster killed twenty and destroyed forty buildings. The explosions also triggered several small earthquakes. The fire spread through the drums creating a large fireball and leading to four more explosions. chemical that PEPCON workers referred to as "AP" or "product" was consumed by flames or explosions. The Pepcon disaster had the same distinct shockwave and mushroom cloud, as well. [45][better source needed]. Around 2,500 people died in the explosion, and half of the inhabitants were injured[37] (approximately 5,500). Japanese officials reported that 94 people died, 604 were injured, and 821 houses were damaged, with 4,425 households in all suffering the effects of the explosions.[34][35]. On 20 April 1944, the Dutch steam trawler ST Voorbode, loaded with 124,000 kilograms (124 t) of explosives, caught fire and exploded at the quay in the centre of Bergen. Analysis of the Accidental Explosion at PEPCON, Henderson, Nevada, on May 4, 1988 Analysis of the Accidental Explosion at PEPCON, Henderson, Nevada, on May 4, 1988 Reed, Jack W. 1992-05-01 00:00:00 Jack W. Reed* Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87 185 (USA) Analyse de Iâ explosion accidentelle survenue chez PEPCON a Henderson, … Several other nearby ships were also damaged or destroyed medieval castle was razed to the later another! Bombs struck her, igniting the oil of a large fire caused a series of explosions for! 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