A genetic variant that accumulates more sugar and less starch in the ear is consumed as a vegetable and is called sweet corn. The Maya used nixtamal meal to make varieties of porridges and tamales. Zea mays ssp. Masa (cornmeal treated with limewater) is the main ingredient for tortillas, atole and many other dishes of Central American food. [28] Maize is used by agricultural bodies and research institutes such as the FAO and CSIRO. Sequences and genome annotations have also been made available throughout the project's lifetime at the project's official site. Genus: Zea. [74] This was confirmed by further studies, which refined this hypothesis somewhat. Around 4,500 ago, maize began to spread to the north; it was first cultivated in what is now the United States at several sites in New Mexico and Arizona, about 4,100 ago. [58], In 2005, the US National Science Foundation (NSF), Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Department of Energy (DOE) formed a consortium to sequence the B73 maize genome. Species: Z. mays. Maize has been an essential crop in the Andes since the pre-Columbian era. Young ears can be consumed raw, with the cob and silk, but as the plant matures (usually during the summer months), the cob becomes tougher and the silk dries to inedibility. The narrower meaning is usually indicated by some additional word, as in sweet corn, sweetcorn, corn on the cob, baby corn, the puffed confection known as popcorn and the breakfast cereal known as corn flakes. Hot Corn: Life Scenes in New York Illustrated (Series appearing in 1853 in the NY Tribune, later as a book). Within the United States, the usage of maize for human consumption constitutes only around 1/40th of the amount grown in the country. China produced 22.4% of the global total. Legal Status. I. Scientific Names - Cereal, Pulses, Millets. [97] These are commonly eaten in the Southeastern United States, foods handed down from Native Americans, who called the dish sagamite. Southern leaf blight, southern corn leaf blight, southern leaf spot, maydis leaf blight. Maize silage. striafaciens (bacterial: barley black node), Pseudomonas syringae pv. Enter a scientific or common name at any rank. Archaeological remains of early maize ears, found at Guila Naquitz Cave in the Oaxaca Valley, date back roughly 6,250 years; the oldest ears from caves near Tehuacan, Puebla, 5,450 B.P. Maize leaf blight, maize northern leaf blight. In the midwestern United States, low-till or no-till farming techniques are usually used. Since then, even earlier dates have been published. High fuel prices in mid-2007 led to higher demand for ethanol, which in turn led to higher prices paid to farmers for maize. However, a widespread problem of malnutrition soon arose wherever maize was introduced as a staple food. Field maize is left in the field until very late in the autumn to thoroughly dry the grain, and may, in fact, sometimes not be harvested until winter or even early spring. The difference between the two is largely controlled by differences in just two genes, called grassy tillers-1 (gt1, A0A317YEZ1) and teosinte branched-1 (tb1, Q93WI2). Maize or Corn, also known by its scientific name Zea mays, is a plant belonging to the family of grasses. Modern farming techniques in developed countries usually rely on dense planting, which produces one ear per stalk. Phylum: Spermatophyta. [20] In that location maize remains were found inside pottery dated to 730 ±80 BP and 920 ±60 BP. Maize silage is one of the most valuable forages for ruminants. There are two major species of the genus Zea (out of six total): Zea mays (maize) and Zea diploperennis, which is a perennial type of teosinte. parviglumis var. Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. Division magnoliopdida. Many of the maize varieties grown in the United States and Canada are hybrids. Along with the scientific name of Corn, know the scientific names of other plants too. Later breeding efforts included ear to row selection (C. G. Hopkins c. 1896), hybrids made from selected inbred lines (G. H. Shull, 1909), and the highly successful double cross hybrids using four inbred lines (D. F. Jones c. 1918, 1922). huehuetenangensis. [citation needed]. [citation needed], The price of food is affected to a certain degree by the use of maize for biofuel production. If the moisture content of the harvested grain is too high, grain dryers are used to reduce the moisture content by blowing heated air through the grain. Whether the ears were hand-picked and the stover was grazed, or the whole plant was cut, gathered, and shocked, people and livestock did all the work. Increasingly, ethanol is being used at low concentrations (10% or less) as an additive in gasoline (gasohol) for motor fuels to increase the octane rating, lower pollutants, and reduce petroleum use (what is nowadays also known as "biofuels" and has been generating an intense debate regarding the human beings' necessity of new sources of energy, on the one hand, and the need to maintain, in regions such as Latin America, the food habits and culture which has been the essence of civilizations such as the one originated in Mesoamerica; the entry, January 2008, of maize among the commercial agreements of NAFTA has increased this debate, considering the bad labor conditions of workers in the fields, and mainly the fact that NAFTA "opened the doors to the import of maize from the United States, where the farmers who grow it receive multimillion-dollar subsidies and other government supports. 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